ABO and RH Blood Group Type Frequencies among Students from Different Ethnic Groups at Enchini Secondary School, West Shewa, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Abstract

The knowledge about ABO and Rh-D groups at individual and population levels is important for healthcare managements, clinical and genetic analyses. Ethiopia is working in archiving major events “Kunets” that have social and economic values. ABO blood groups and Rhfactor as biological characters and inheritance of genetic materials have major contributions to the “Kunets”. The study aimed to determine ABO and Rh-D blood groups distribution frequencies among 108 Amhara, 72 Gurage and 238 Oromo students at Enchini Secondary School. Each participant’s ABO and Rh-D blood types were determined by using agglutination reaction tests. In each study group, blood group O had the highest frequencies (38.39–41.18 %) whereas AB scored the least frequencies (6.30–10.18 %). Allele O scored the highest frequency (63.5‒64.2%) and allele B scored the least frequencies (17.0–18.2%). Rh+ had the higher frequencies (91.67‒94.12 %). The highest frequencies for O type (41.18%) and Rh+ (94.12%) were from Oromo students. The highest heterozygosity (54.65%) for ABO blood type was from Amhara students and the least (52.36%) was from Oromo students. All the differences between the observed and expected mean values of frequencies in the two blood system were not statistically significant at α = 0.05. The result would serve as a reference by lawyers in paternity suits, by police in forensic science, by anthropologists in the study of different populations, and for other studies and future utilities in health care planning and other needs or “Kunets” in the studied area.