Ethiopian Journal of Natural and Computational Sciences

Mapping of Lineament Structures for Groundwater Study using Aeromagnetic Data:

Olawuyi A. K. — 2024-05-13

Lineaments mapping over the Basement Complex rocks of southwestern Nigeria at Ilorin, Central Nigeria was carried out. It was aimed at identification of the structural features responsible for the hydrogeology of the area. This work involved the qualitative and quantitative analysis of aeromagnetic data using Oasis MontajTM and the geological information obtained from the area. The analyses made on the IGRF corrected aeromagnetic data acquired was used to estimate depth to anomalous sources using 3-D Euler deconvolution. The 3D Euler Deconvolution was used to estimate and examine the shape, type of magnetic field within a window and calculate 3-D source locations based on its structural index. The results obtained from aeromagnetic data analysis augmented with geological information obtained from literature were employed in the lineaments extraction and interpretation works. The results have shown that the identified faults and lineament features obtained from geophysical data generally coincide with the river channels on the geologic maps which indicate a structural control of the drainage system in the study area. The orientation of the extracted faults and lineament features showed a preponderance of NE-SW trend followed by NW-SE trend, which corroborate the fact that the Pan African in Nigeria was followed by conjugate strike slip fault systems which averaged in the NE-SW and NW-SE directions and showed dextral and sinistral sense of displacement which cut across the earlier Pan African structures.

L-fuzzy Prime and Maximal Congruences in Almost Distributive Lattices

Natnael Teshale Amare — 2024-01-20

In this paper, we define and describe the concept of L-fuzzy prime and maximal congruences in an Almost Distributive lattice (ADL) and discuss its characteristics. Mainly, we establish a one-to-one correspondence between prime (maximal) L-fuzzy congruences of an ADL and the pairs (P, α), where P is a prime (maximal) congruence of an ADL and α is a prime element (dual atom) in a frame, yields the prime (maximal) L-fuzzy congruences of all given ADL. Furthermore, we examine the relationship between prime (maximal) L-fuzzy congruence and L-fuzzy prime (maximal) congruence on an ADL, proving through counter-examples that the converse is untrue.

Unraveling the Spread and Control Nexus with Knowledge, Treatment, and Reinfection in Tuberculosis Dynamics

Segun Raphael ADEBAYO — 2024-01-20

The study provides stability assessment both locally and globally and analyzes how the fundamental reproduction number impacts the spread of disease. The tuberculosis control through awareness, early detection, and treatment improves cure rates and reduces transmission. Sensitivity analysis of the parameters of basic reproduction number reveals critical to tuberculosis dynamics. By using the homotopy perturbation method in a novel way, the research integrates rigorous mathematical analyses with numerical simulations to provide a deep understanding of the intricate interactions between treatment techniques, knowledge distribution, and reinfection dynamics in tuberculosis. The result shows that treatment through vaccination combined with early detection and patient monitoring, improves cure rates and reduces transmission, highlighting the need for focus, and efficient control methods in the global eradication of tuberculosis

Residual levels and potential health risk assessment of heavy metals in varieties of teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) using ICP-OES from Becho District, Ethiopia

Fantahun Gebeyehu — 2024-01-20

This study determined the levels of heavy metals and associated health risks from frequently consumed red, mixed, and white teff grown in Ethiopia's Becho area. The sample was wetdigested and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Further data acquisition and analysis, such as spike experiments, were conducted to validate the method's performance. The levels of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, and Cd ranged from 83.67 to 330.10, 157.02 to 299.16, 25.88 to 44.60, 2.84 to 8.03, 0.0014 to 2.50, 0.024 to 0.35, 0.0012 to 19.73, 0.0022 to 0.40, and 0.022 to 0.34 mg/kg in all teff varieties, respectively. The percentage recovery of the examined metals in the spiked samples ranged from 88.65 to 118.80%, showing the good validity of the optimized digested procedures. Non-carcinogenic health risks to exposed adults were also assessed. The target hazard quotient (THQ) values of Fe and Mn in red teff and Mn and Ni in mixed teff were greater than unity, indicating that the consumption of red and mixed teff may cause possible non-carcinogenic health risks to exposed adults. The values of hazard index (HI) for white, red, and mixed teff were 3.95, 8.302, and 8.84, respectively, indicating that exposure of the population to heavy metals leads to potential adverse health risks. The target cancer risk (TCR) values of Ni and Cr in mixed teff showed high cancer risk, with Cd indicating a moderate effect, and the values of Ni, Cd, Pb, and Cr in red teff; Pb in mixed teff; and Cd, Cr, and Ni in white teff showed low cancer risks in the exposed adult population in the area.

Evaluating the Status of Technologies Transferred to Users: Evidence at the University of Gondar, Ethiopia

Wuletaw Mekuria Kebede — 2024-01-20

Increasing demands but lack of adoption for technologies are the key challenges of technology transfer. The level of utilization with improved technologies and advanced systems are limited. The objective of this paper was to examine the status of transferred technologies and to evaluate determinants that influenced the functioning of transferred technologies. This study is conducted at the University of Gondar, Ethiopia. All 135 investigators who granted technology transfer projects between 2012 and 2021 were taken for the study. Participant observation, questionnaire, document review and focused group discussion were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, qualitative narrations, and Binary Logit econometric model were employed for data analysis. The study results revealed that 11% of principal investigators were females. About 87.4% and 12.6% investigators were 2nd and 3rd degree holders, respectively. The proportion of soft and hard system granted projects were 44.4% and 55.6%. About 34.1% and 29.6% of the technologies were transferred and utilized to end users. About 13.0% of the adopted technologies have possibility of making business or startups and some of them can be used for manufacturing industries. The model results indicated that college types, year of granting, type of technologies and transfer, implementation and technology users are positively influenced the functioning of technologies while age of college and field distance negatively affected the utilization of technologies. Therefore, adequate time and budget, and data-base management systems are suggested for effective functioning and sustainability of transferred technologies.